Carbon Accounting
The process of measuring, recording, and reporting the greenhouse gas emissions produced by an organization, product, or activity.
Reporting & ComplianceCarbon accounting (or greenhouse gas accounting) is the systematic process of measuring, recording, and reporting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with an organization’s activities.
Standards and Protocols
- GHG Protocol: The most widely used international standard, developed by WRI and WBCSD. Defines Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions.
- ISO 14064: International standard for quantification and reporting of GHG emissions.
- Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi): Validates that company emission reduction targets align with climate science.
The Carbon Accounting Process
- Define boundaries: Organizational and operational scope.
- Collect data: Energy consumption, fuel use, travel, supply chain data.
- Calculate emissions: Apply emission factors to activity data.
- Report: Disclose in annual sustainability reports, CDP questionnaires, or regulatory filings.
- Verify: Third-party assurance for credibility.
Software Tools
Modern carbon accounting is increasingly software-driven. Platforms like Watershed, Normative, Persefoni, and Singularity Energy automate data collection, calculation, and reporting.
Career Relevance
Carbon accounting is one of the most in-demand sustainability skills. Roles range from entry-level data analysts to senior carbon strategy leads. Backgrounds in accounting, environmental science, or data engineering are all valuable.